Traditionally militias politically opposed to Indonesian government interests have been held responsible for terrorism attacks in Indonesia. Separatist movements operating in Indonesia, such as the Darul Islam (Indonesia), Fretilin (East Timorese independence militia during the Indonesian occupation of East Timor), the Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, and the Organisasi Papua Merdeka were often held responsible for terrorist attacks, such as bombings and shootings, in Indonesia. Recent terrorism in Indonesia can in part be attributed to the al-Qaeda-affiliated Jemaah Islamiyah Islamist terror group and/or ISIL.
