Innovation mainly came from the currency of trade of knowledge

But that does not answer how it can be done if the global revolution never happens

The coutries that do not have revolution will just win.

Again

or without a huge drop in standard of living

Or from the need of wartime innovation

and near stop in innovation like medicine.

Not in the US

A need for another train track comes mostly by the need to have to transport more goods along it because it is reaching a point of inefficiency (consumption of fuel, carts and goods sent)

this was a huge issue in the soviet union

Since the overwhelming majority of that is private industry.

And china

They where reall inefficient at laying track that would bring resources where they needed to go

hell still are in places like laos, and cambodia

Nvm @Goblin_Slayer_Floki i misunderstood you

Of course but take into account the incredible difficult russian environement.

Yes but they have no indicators for how to efficently move and allocate resourses

Sobthey had a lot of waste

Production is a good indicator

Overbuilding and underbuilding

Units produced by time and consuption

Labor theory of value?

Overbuilding was certaiy an issue because of the terrible bureaucracy

^^^

This os true

But how else can you have government?

Decentralisation

The soviets did not have an answer for this

Smaller communities in charge of local production

Ahhhh but thatvis a problem when your bread basket areas are needed to feed eveyone

The crimea and unkraine areas priduced most of the grain

Each area makes a count of what it makes and what it needs, and they intertrade. Basic Ricardian economics

And if you cannot distribute efficiently enought people starve

But that does not help when you do not have the transport to get the grain where it need to go

Siberia for example

Thats where the central state steps in

tribalism

Yes and look at how well of a job they did

Or regionalism

did well for germany

As well since they only care about their local groups. Then national defense is out