In May 1929, the Sovnarkom issued a decree that formalised the notion of "kulak household" (кулацкое хозяйство). Any of the following defined a kulak:[3][13]
Use of hired labor.
Ownership of a mill, a creamery (маслобойня, "butter-making rig"), other processing equipment, or a complex machine with a mechanical motor.
Systematic renting out of agricultural equipment or facilities.
Involvement in trade, money-lending, commercial brokerage, or "other sources of non-labor income".
