The way light works

what

@CanWab who told you the earth had an edge or it is infinite?

@nef the angular resolution of the eye is .02 degrees

ihave an ez debunk of flat earth using my genius intellect

1) you cannot trust the reliability of your senses. you could be in a matrix and the world you think you see could be merely a figment of your imagination. for instance, we could live in a computer simulation
2) because our senses may be unreliable, you cannot depend on observations as evidence that the Earth is flat. the Earth may not even exist, and may simply be an illusion
3) therefore, the assertion that the earth is flat can be rejected on the basis of insufficient evidence

ez pz gg
agnostic earther 1 flat earthers 0

nobody lol

now they showed up smh
http://prntscr.com/n2celt

dosent optical slant rely only on what the observers perspective is

wait who here believes that earth is flat?

@EliteGamer how bout direct measurements

why the fk am i not seeing printscreen pics show up wtfrig
taking 10 mins now -- smh... must be discord glitching up ugh..

you cannot trust direct measurements since they rely on your senses

FECORE Laser Level Experiments https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bV8hCkvT7gRFkoR6J0AY1mDwYfQR7PAg/view

Direct measurements dont rely on senses. Stop trolling @EliteGamer

ye sthey do, all observations rely on our senses. i hereby reject your evidence on the basis of unreliability

@Citizen Z because he presented an opinion or argument does not mean he's trolling btw

if hes wrong prove him wrong.

also if the earth is flat. how come we can only view certain stars at certain latitudes?

why can't we see some islands at the very top of moutains either, probably because the atmosphere blocks the light?

@nef so you believe direct measurements rely on senses also?

i dont really know lmao

also why do sunsets and sunrises happen at different times at different latitudes and longitudes?

e.e https://thumbor.forbes.com/thumbor/960x0/https%3A%2F%2Fblogs-images.forbes.com%2Fstartswithabang%2Ffiles%2F2017%2F11%2FCircumference-calc.jpg

all observations rely on the senses. it is impossible to observe measurements without perception

You have a lot of questions

yes

also how do seasons work on a flat earth?

along with day and night

Looking at a tape measures isnt relying on senses

@nef check pinned msgs

yes, you are using your sense of vision sir. that is a sense

Did you watch the videos?

such as

i did not sir, it would not matter because vision may be an unreliable sense and thus cannot be trusted to make reliable observations

i actually don't think the earth is round lmao

it's an oblate spheriod

Proof?

it's essentially just round earth. but water at the poles is stretched because of rotation iirc

sir, please provide evidence that the Earth is flat, because so far your evidence has been rejected on the basis of unreliability

How many miles does the equator deviate from being a perfect sphere?

lemme check

it's very small

Yes..not detectable..unless your name is NASA

it's 13 miles at the equator

I mean with an image of the earth and some math you could calculate it

So you believe someone measured that?

it makes sense to me.

What image of earth?

the several found on google if you google earth

Send me a source link.

anyway if you take something and spin it it becomes stretched right?

the centrifugal force stretches it slightly.

sir you cannot know if the centrifugal forces stretch it slightly because your senses may be unreliable

If it had water on it and you spun something fast enough to stretch it, the water flys off.

that's a liquid

sir you cannot know if the water flys off because your senses may be unreliable

if you get a mushy sphere, fix it to something that spins it from the middle, and make sure it dosent fall off, it will stretch and flatten at it's poles, try it.

So you're saying earth is spinning fast enough and long enough to stretch rock?

yes. it's alledgly spinning at 1000mph and it's been spinning for billions of years alledgy.

How does the water stay?

gravity

gravitons

electromagnetic forces

Gravitons is a joke

yeah probably

gravity pushes it down to the earths core

but gravity is shown on any other body in space.

No

Gravity is a law within a theory

@CanWab gravity is a very small pull force.

@nef gravity is not a push or a pull. Its considered the warping of space time and the attraction of two objects

it's probably the weakest force ever.

yes a pull force.

that's what a pull force is

Alright, @nef has been warned for '**Bad word usage**'.

it pulls stuff

No its not a pull force

why does it pull?

It doesn't

why do we orbit?

Prove it.

prove stuff orbits?

We dont orbit anything

prove it

oh yeah I forgot flat earth has it all above earth itself

sir as a flat earther it is your burden to provide evidence the earth is flat

Go outside and look

why is every other planet we view round btw

sir , i already told you that i reject observations because the senses may be unreliable

Logical fallacy. Assuming the consequence

wait what does the bottom of the earth look like if its flat?\

Saying something is round then saying that means another thing is round is illogical

why would earth be flat but nothing else be?

sir you are assuming the consequence when you assume your senses are reliable. please do not commit the fallacies you accuse others of committing

@CanWab no one knows. They have only drilled down 12 km

FECORE Laser Level Experiments https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bV8hCkvT7gRFkoR6J0AY1mDwYfQR7PAg/view

other flat earhters say it's water.

Not senses

Measurements

um without your senses we wouldent be able to prove anything

sir i reject the evidence in your link because the senses may be unreliable

senses are the only reason we can take measurments

!mute @EliteGamer

EliteGamer#0106 (457781352234876930) is now muted for '**Unspecified.**', alright? <:THUMBSUP6:403560443345371137>

Persistent debate trolls. Go somewhere else to argue. Im not here to have an endless debate.

Im willing to answer one question at a time but im not going to.be patronized or mocked nor will i entertain persistant debate here is what i think trolls.

luckily im not patronizing or mocking you

Never said you were

The other person was

me?

not sure who that was directed to so I just said regardless

anyway I'm gonna go play some war thunder you had some pretty good points @Citizen Z peace

Later

So this video is a ship sailing off into the horizon, you can see it doesn't fade off into the distance, it slowly sinks into the distance until you can only see the mast. When it sinks it's going along the Curvature of the earth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Akip2Ev_N8

@CanWab who said anything about fading

When the angular resolution limits of the eye or lens are reached, the light is no longer resolvable

This is how angular resolution works physically in the eye.
https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/459802853524111361/1_EN.png
Cameras work the same way.
The cones of the retina is a zoom in of the eye. If the angular size of the target is not enough to activate more than a single cones/sensor the object is unresolvable.
There are 3 ways to decrease angular separation.
1. Move the two separate targets further or closer together.
2.Increase the distance.
3. Change the angle of view.
https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/459805458644074511/angseperation.jpg

First here is a demonstration of how angle of view changes the angular separation of 2 targets. https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/459806914331541504/unknown.png

For example in this image, as the stop sign's angular size shrinks from distance or angle, the image that prjected onto the retina also shrinks. Eventually it will reach such as small size the eye can not physically detect the light. https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/459808085436006410/refraction_cornea.png
A geometric analogy would be closing a pair of scissors. When the scissor tips are closer together than the spacing between the rods and cones of the eye then you get to see the target. The point where the tips cross from too close to normal vision is the angular resolution.
https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/459817803038326784/unknown.png

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/459818062858682368/65116694_resized550bbc_sg_g4_eye.png
When the angle of view becomes to much it pretty much goes parallel, but you lose sight of the ground before that. It's the same on the globe too but even worse because the angle of view is increasing quicker because of the curving away of the ball surface.

These next images show someone how the angle stays the same but the area that you are actually observing increases. You can see the 5th image how the bottom of a building would disappear.

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/459819761644077057/unknown.png

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/459813762132869126/ang1.png

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/459813783464968206/ang2.png

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/459813767576813578/ang4.png

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/459813769548267542/ang5.png

Angular Resolution https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/458196098767388674/459052120495095818/Angular_Resolution_01_v001.webp

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/458196098767388674/459052123091632138/Angular_Resolution_02_v001.webp

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/458196098767388674/459052121896124436/Angular_Resolution_03_v002_1.webp

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/458196098767388674/459052121065783297/Angular_Resolution_04_v002.webp

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/458196098767388674/459052122537721856/Angular_Resolution_05_v004.webp

https://plus.google.com/116502556172406985386/posts/Qegqk1jSNEE

https://plus.google.com/116502556172406985386/posts/fzjPdL8H7FX

https://plus.google.com/116502556172406985386/posts/4D6qoxFBSEy

The cone does reverse inside the eye.
Light is projected on to the retina. We don't see things directly.
It goes through the lens is projected and inverted. https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/466469361562026015/kan_ch26_f001.png https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/466469513500688384/retinaimage.png Those images are right for a single point of light. This is part of another misconception. https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/468563187713835020/unknown.png This illustrate how we would see a SINGLE point of light. Say a single photon reflecting off the molecule of a wall
Take notice how it emanates in a sphere. Now what we see is the light reflecting from EVERY molecule spherical , and traveling out. The important thing is this. The airy disks I started with.
That is what EACH point is.
Trillions (probably more) of points of light. We don't see each point. We can only differentiate points to the angular resolution limit.
So a trillion points in a 4 ft space at 3 miles looks like a point. Think of the horizon as a bunch of points of light, and not as a building , a boat or mountain.
Then equate an entire object to a point of light. As far as the angle goes. The angular size on an object has the same angular size when projected onto the retina.

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/468565104326082575/unknown.png All those angles between features of objects in the room are identical to the angles of the corresponding projected image of that room. (projected onto the retina)
So something that is 10 ft in real life and has an angular size of 3 degrees. When projected to the retina it's angle is still 3 degrees but it's actual size is .5 mm
projected to the retina.
So knowing that angular size decrease with distance. When I get far enough away from that something and it's angular size shrinks outside AND inside my eye. Eventually the angle being projected on to the retina is too small for the cells and photoreceptors to form an image from. You have to think of it like this. Whatever we see or photograph whatever is being captured by the lens is being projected to the retina. Only it is a physically tiny version of what you are seeing. So if a building is "trillions" of points of light...each point of light on that building will come to the eye at a different angle. The bottom angles will be unresolvable before the top angles because they close sooner in the back of the eye or camera. The angle is tilted away more. Think of rotating a piece of paper. You hold the paper in front.
Rotate the top away until the sheet is parallel.
and you are looking down the edge.
Now imagine you put a circle on top and bottom of the sheet and did it all over again.
Before the tilting of the angle the spots would appear a good distance away from each other. But as you rotate the paper those 2 circles will appear to be close.
The top of a building is not rotated as much from the plane of the retina compared the the bottom at equal distances.

Look , these are the same distances. Obviously the angles are not the same. https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/468569265574903818/unknown.png I can make it even more extreme... https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/468569771735253012/unknown.png But guess what....the top of the building will get cut off. When the entire situation is reverse.
Image looking up with your chest up to the world trade center. You wouldn't see the top because the angle would be too shallow. https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/468570710344728576/unknown.png Look what happens when you are closer to the vertical than the horizontal, the reverse. https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/468570964817608715/unknown.png Here are some questions you can ask yourself. Where is the plane of the eye? What is the relative angle between the surface of target and the plane of the eye? Give that angle , what is the angular separation of the points of light on that target? https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/468574743637786645/unknown.png The relative angle to the plane of the eye and the optical tilt of the target determine the angular separation
If I rotate the green block until it is vertical all the angle will grow. If I rotate it counter clockwise all the angles will shrink. If It was more to scale the angle difference would be more dramatic. https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/468578052302176266/IMG_3195_one_world_trade_center_nyc2015_aagdolla-1038x576.jpg https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/468578348789006336/502382332.jpg Now imagine the building is 3 miles tall and not 1776ft.

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/468578739572441119/look-down-the-hallway.jpg So here is what happens being closer to one wall than the other. That shows the slant/tilt. Left wall angle is steeper than right wall, relative to the observer. This photo looking upward is a good example also. https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/468579766983720980/OrganicMechanics101.JPG

Post 1 of 2

How angular resolution works:
https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/459818062858682368/65116694_resized550bbc_sg_g4_eye.png

The further an object (i.e. boat, building mountain) gets away from the lens, the angular separation will continue to close until the light blurs together and eventually becomes a line or point or edge"
https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/468546464780386306/Airy_disk_spacing_near_Rayleigh_criterion.png

"As he looks downward toward his feet the slant approaches zero, as he looks upward the slant increases, as the center of clear vision approaches the horizon the slant becomes maximal, and at the horizon itself the land ceases to be a surface and becomes an edge"
https://zdoc.site/gibson-1952-the-perceived-slant-of-visual-surfaces-citeseerx.html

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/458196098767388674/461973747197411339/Screenshot_20180628-121601_Drive.jpg

As you look down the right side of the hallway, you'll see the angular separation of light begins to close the further you look. Then looking at the left side of the hallway you'll notice the angular separation of light does not close or blur as quickly as the right side.
https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379214321907007488/468578739572441119/look-down-the-hallway.jpg

Post 2 of 2

Here are some questions you can ask yourself. Where is the plane of the eye? What is the relative angle between the surface of target and the plane of the eye? Given that angle , what is the angular separation of the points of light on that target?

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/419246750260264960/470518575698935808/unknown-65.png

Notice the blue cones angle compared to the orange cone. The blue cones angle will lose the light first on the bottom and the ground will start to blur with the object but if you raise in height the resolution will increase shown with the orange cone because the angle of light hitting the retina or camera is made larger. Once the angle becomes too shallow the light turns into a line or Edge. Think of buildings or boats or mountains not as objects but as quadrillions of points of light or photons coming to your retina at different angles and some will become non-resolvable before others. The ones closest to you disappear first as you back away. You will see the ground running up to the horizon then see the horizon as a line and will see things like the sky still or if there's a mountain or building you will still see the top parts but eventually those will also become unresolvable as they get further away and the angle changes.

https://youtu.be/vSAlVua7T4g

wait @Citizen Z citizen are u a flat earther or a round?

and btw I said something about fading into the distance

im bringing up a topic lol

Which isn't what is happening

Its just visibility

watch the video

Like viewing a mountain

From far away

Sometimes they look blue

what mountain is blue?

Yes watch the video

If you view a mountain from far away they will start to blend with the sky

and?

Blue light is scattering out the light between you and the mountain

and how does that prove that the earth is flat?

It doesnt

It just proves you cant see infinite

Due to visibility

oh my other point

You were saying they were fading

Im saying thats because of visibility

Nothing more

Me: the thing im confused about is if the earth is flat wouldnt all the water leak off the edge?
you: who told you there is an edge?
me: so ur saying that earth is infinite?
you: who told you the earth had an edge or it is infinite?

Here are some questions you can ask yourself. Where is the plane of the eye? What is the relative angle between the surface of target and the plane of the eye? Given that angle , what is the angular separation of the points of light on that target.

Ive never been off north america. I don't know whats out there

okay viewing a mountain from far away it blends with the sky right?

Depends on that days weather conditions, the position of the sun, etc
.

https://youtu.be/8Akip2Ev_N8?t=2795

at that time in the video u can still see the mast of the ship, its not blended, it sunk slong the curvature of the earth

So you didn't watch the optics video?

Nothing about blending

Its about optics

Blending is the visibility of the day

Optics im talking about is how light and the eye work

In conjunction

Imagine extending that 60 miles

The angle will become so shallow that the eye or lens will lose its ability to resolve objects in the cone

is this entire thing about earth being flat

yeah

ok

im a round earther

same

zdoc.site_gibson-1952-the-perceived-slant-of-visual-surfaces (1).pdf

this guy thinks that you cant perceive things as round if you are far away

it litterally shows the object dipping below the horizon in the gif

No

yes

It shows angular resolution

What does this mean?

its dipping below the horizon because when you look at it from far away it dips along the curvature of the earth

Says who?

says everybody except flat earthers

Its not dipping below any curve

yes it is

Ive just shown you

How light works

Your problem if you refuse to learn

We will have to agree to disagree

okay new topic how do tides work

Do you know amphidromic points are?

They are also known as tidal nodes

Its points around earth where the tides dont shift

If the moon was pulling the water why are these points scattered about?

Have you heard of Magnetohydrodynamics?

electrically conducted fluids

Which includes water

Saltwater

yes includes water

Just because i can prove the earth is flat it doesn't mean i have all the answers. Though i can guess like anyone else who is trying to figure things out

Tooken from an article
The tides are caused by the activity of the Earth magnet that is at the bottom of the sea. It causes the change of sea levels. So what about this "theory" that the tides are caused by the moon and the sun? By gravity? It's easily countered by the tidal map. If the general theory is correct, and Earth is indeed round, then the tidal map would be divided into four areas and in different colors, with two areas in full red-yellow [high tide] and the other two areas in full blue [low tide].

https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/gmap3/

So they have a theory that is trying to explain the standard model.

Your point?

Im saying there is alternative theories

Moon attracting the water but nothing else doesnt even make sense

There’s no alternative theories because this was proven multiple times and there’s way too much evidence for this to be just a theory

What evidence?

Show me please

When you have evidence that proves it let me know.

Well the moon has a very small pull on the earth as the sun has a large pull on the earth, that’s why it orbits the sun. The moon can’t move the entire earth since it’s so small, but water, is quite weak and can be pushed around easily by such a large object pulling on it. That is why tides happen

wtf?

is this

Ik

is this flat earth

vs round earther?

Yeah

are u flat or roun

I’m round weather

Weather

Nice

Alright, @CanWab has been warned for '**Bad word usage**'.

the earth is Round ;D

Earther

"ROunD

REEEE

Im big dumb

Wait gimme a sec, I’m gonna walk my dog

Wait @Lamp are u a flat earther or a round earther

ROund

Ok

https://youtu.be/Vbiz26RqF5E

@Lamp stop the bs postings

*says the flat earther*

!mute @Lamp bye

Lamp#3153 (383442842489716738) is now muted for '**bye**', alright? <:THUMBSUP6:403560443345371137>

<@438846436759699456> no more meaningless postings

>>ban <@438846436759699456> troll spammer

<:vSuccess:390202497827864597> Successfully banned <@438846436759699456>

Jump, you feel gravity, gravity in space made the other planets spherical, if that is true, our planet is spherical as well.
Simple as simple can be

Belief

Not even logical

wait, are you agreeing with me or disagreeing?

I believe you believe that

Didnt i ban you and your friends already today?

https://youtu.be/IOZIPeJ_6uE

agree

flat, round
Believe what u want to idk why people are angry over people’s beliefs

https://youtu.be/N9OkbSAjsl8