Personally, I divide relatively strictly between high and late middle ages. At around 1200, the political system became centered more on the monarch, and the state administrations we know gradually emerged.

That would be true for france, but it took more then 200 years before that happend to the low countries

I'm a bit france-centric on this, yeah

Tho a great example of this centralisation tendency is the Flemish uprising of 1302

And the war that came form that event

Flanders always was one of Fances most independend minded vassals

It was a central region but it's also because many of the best books are about it.

Do you have any book-suggestions for some other regions?

If it ever gets translated I would recomend the book "De bourgondiërs" (the bourgondians)

It's extreemly popular in Flanders and the Netherlands

100.000+ books sold

So I think they will eventualy translate it

Nice

I know that feeling with Vlad Tepesz. All the good books are Romanian. English is mostly sensationalist crap

Yeah it's fair to say that medieval Europe was fairly heterogeneous, though I'd say aptchwork is part of a feudal society

Idk if one should call for example the hansa feudal or something that could only exist in the context of feudalism

Because clearly it doesn't fit in with the whole vassal system and whatnot

I'd say the latter

Imo the way how cities fit into feudalism is one of the most fascinating things about it

I’d say the Hanseatic league was a transitional oddity between feudalism and more modern mercantilism

In the dialectical history sense, the rising merchant class are an example of the contradiction of the feudal system

depends on how you frame it. I see guilds as a natural addition to feudalism

The Hansa went away as states centralized so I think it's fair to say withotu feudalism there existed no need for it and it could not exist anymore

https://twitter.com/BarackObama/status/1250088269502709762

I like how he waited until it literally didn't matter

really shows his confidence on biden

<:pepejoy:611733498499432472>

imagine having no faith in what amounts to your former right hand man

the absolute state of democrats

https://apnews.com/8fe530dc76beb1893b3b52af88cf99dd

lmao 43 boys and 4 girls have been imported to germanistan

from that rapefugee camp

at this point its just understood as normal

```Muhimman proudly writes his name slowly, carefully, one letter at a time, grinning broadly as he finishes. He’s just 11 years old and was a good student who had dreams of being a doctor.

School frightens him now. Earlier this year, a cleric at the religious school he faithfully attended in the southern Punjab town of Pakpattan took him into a washroom and tried to rape him. Muhimman’s aunt, Shazia, who wanted only her first name used, said she believes the abuse of young children is endemic in Pakistan’s religious schools. She said she has known the cleric, Moeed Shah, since she was a little girl and describes him as an habitual abuser who used to ask little girls to pull up their shirts.```
This damn writing style. I really dislike it. We had a famous journalist in Germany, he wrote in that exact style, turns out he made entire stories up. Not just lying about a detail or two, or twisting a narrative. Completely made up.

This style enables it. All these details about Muhimman, above, sound authentic and sympathetic, but you could copypaste that precise sentence intwo fifteen articles and it'd have the exact same effect.

How to have a Proper Anti-Elite Elites in Society:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition#Composition_of_the_tribunals
"One of the most striking aspects of the organization of the Inquisition was its form of financing: devoid of its own budget, the Inquisition depended exclusively on the confiscation of the goods of the denounced. It is not surprising, therefore, that many of those prosecuted were rich men."

The Spanish Inquisition was the epitome of an overworked bureaucracy

I would say Pre-Salary they were not a true bureaucracy, when paid only by confiscations they were more like contractors than employed staff.

There used to be a time when tax collectors weren't paid a salary but they were sold the right to collect the taxes for themselves

The state basically got the revenue from selling the rights to tax this and this amount

Though back then taxes were based more on property value than income (also the reason why Romans came up with the census)